Chemistry Elements
Elements from 1 to 30
| Atomic No. | Symbol | Name | e (Electrons) | p (Protons) | n (Neutrons) | Atomic Mass (u) | Valency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | Hydrogen | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1.008 | 1 |
| 2 | He | Helium | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4.0026 | 0 |
| 3 | Li | Lithium | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6.94 | 1 |
| 4 | Be | Beryllium | 4 | 4 | 5 | 9.0122 | 2 |
| 5 | B | Boron | 5 | 5 | 6 | 10.81 | 3 |
| 6 | C | Carbon | 6 | 6 | 6 | 12.011 | 4 |
| 7 | N | Nitrogen | 7 | 7 | 7 | 14.007 | 3 |
| 8 | O | Oxygen | 8 | 8 | 8 | 15.999 | 2 |
| 9 | F | Fluorine | 9 | 9 | 10 | 18.998 | 1 |
| 10 | Ne | Neon | 10 | 10 | 10 | 20.180 | 0 |
| 11 | Na | Sodium | 11 | 11 | 12 | 22.990 | 1 |
| 12 | Mg | Magnesium | 12 | 12 | 12 | 24.305 | 2 |
| 13 | Al | Aluminum | 13 | 13 | 14 | 26.982 | 3 |
| 14 | Si | Silicon | 14 | 14 | 14 | 28.085 | 4 |
| 15 | P | Phosphorus | 15 | 15 | 16 | 30.974 | 3 |
| 16 | S | Sulfur | 16 | 16 | 16 | 32.06 | 2 |
| 17 | Cl | Chlorine | 17 | 17 | 18 | 35.45 | 1 |
| 18 | Ar | Argon | 18 | 18 | 22 | 39.948 | 0 |
| 19 | K | Potassium | 19 | 19 | 20 | 39.098 | 1 |
| 20 | Ca | Calcium | 20 | 20 | 20 | 40.078 | 2 |
| 21 | Sc | Scandium | 21 | 21 | 24 | 44.956 | 3 |
| 22 | Ti | Titanium | 22 | 22 | 26 | 47.867 | 4 |
| 23 | V | Vanadium | 23 | 23 | 28 | 50.942 | 5 |
| 24 | Cr | Chromium | 24 | 24 | 28 | 52.0 | 2, 3, 6 |
| 25 | Mn | Manganese | 25 | 25 | 30 | 54.938 | 2, 4, 7 |
| 26 | Fe | Iron | 26 | 26 | 30 | 55.845 | 2, 3 |
| 27 | Co | Cobalt | 27 | 27 | 32 | 58.933 | 2, 3 |
| 28 | Ni | Nickel | 28 | 28 | 31 | 58.693 | 2 |
| 29 | Cu | Copper | 29 | 29 | 35 | 63.546 | 1, 2 |
| 30 | Zn | Zinc | 30 | 30 | 35 | 65.38 | 2 |
- e (Electrons): The number of electrons is the same as the atomic number for neutral elements.
- p (Protons): The number of protons is also equal to the atomic number.
- n (Neutrons): The number of neutrons is the atomic mass minus the number of protons.
- Atomic Mass: The average mass of the atom, taking into account isotopes and their abundances.
- Valency: The number of electrons an atom can lose, gain, or share in a chemical bond, typically based on its group in the periodic table.
20 elements of the periodic table along with some of their basic properties:
1. Hydrogen (H)
Atomic Number: 1
Atomic Weight: 1
Valency: +/-1
State: Gas
Properties: Colorless, odorless, non-toxic, highly flammable
Facts: Most abundant element in the universe; primarily found in stars and gas giant planets; essential for water (H₂O) and organic compounds.
2. Helium (He)
Atomic Number: 2
Atomic Weight: 4
Valency: 0 (inert)
State: Gas
Properties: Colorless, odorless, inert, low density
Facts: Second most abundant element in the universe; used in balloons, deep-sea diving tanks, and as a coolant in nuclear reactors.
3. Lithium (Li)
Atomic Number: 3
Atomic Weight: 6
Valency: +1
State: Solid
Properties: Soft, silvery-white, reactive, lightest metal
Facts: Lightest metal; used in rechargeable batteries, mood-stabilizing drugs, and alloys.
4. Beryllium (Be)
Atomic Number: 4
Atomic Weight: 9
Valency: +2
State: Solid
Properties: Hard, brittle, grayish, toxic
Facts: Used in aerospace materials due to its high stiffness, lightweight, and dimensional stability; toxic if inhaled.
5. Boron (B)
Atomic Number: 5
Atomic Weight: 10
State: Solid
Valency: 3
Properties: Black-brown, hard, brittle, semi-conductor
Facts: Essential for plant growth; used in glass and ceramics (borosilicate glass), detergents, and as a semiconductor in electronics.
6. Carbon (C)
- Atomic Number: 6
- Atomic Weight: 12
- State: Solid
- Valency: -4
- Properties: Various forms (graphite, diamond), non-metal
- Facts: Basis of all known life; forms a vast number of compounds; exists in multiple forms, including diamond and graphite
7. Nitrogen (N)
- Atomic Number: 7
- Atomic Weight: 14
- State: Gas
- Valency: -3
- Properties: Colorless, odorless, diatomic.
- Facts: Makes up 78% of Earth's atmosphere; essential for amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids; used in fertilizers and explosives.
8. Oxygen (O)
- Atomic Number: 8
- Atomic Weight: 16
- State: Gas
- Valency: -2
- Properties: Colorless, odorless, essential for respiration
- Facts: Essential for respiration; most abundant element in the Earth's crust; used in steelmaking, water treatment, and medical applications.
9. Fluorine (F)
- Atomic Number: 9
- Atomic Weight: 18
- State: Gas
- Valency: -1
- Properties: Pale yellow, highly reactive, toxic.
- Facts: Most reactive and electronegative element; used in toothpaste (fluoride) to prevent dental cavities, in Teflon (PTFE) for non-stick cookware, and in refrigerants.
10. Neon (Ne)
- Atomic Number: 10
- Atomic Weight: 20
- State: Gas
- Valency: 0 (inert)
- Properties: Colorless, inert, glows red-orange in electric discharge
- Facts: Used in neon signs for advertising; emits a bright red-orange light when electrified; found in trace amounts in the atmosphere.
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11. Sodium (Na)
- Atomic Number: 11
- Atomic Weight: 23
- State: Solid
- Properties: Soft, silvery-white, highly reactive, metal
12. **Magnesium (Mg)**
- Atomic Number: 12
- Atomic Weight: 24
- State: Solid
- Properties: Shiny gray solid, reactive, lightweight
13. **Aluminum (Al)**
- Atomic Number: 13
- Atomic Weight: 26.982
- State: Solid
- Properties: Silvery-white, ductile, malleable
14. **Silicon (Si)**
- Atomic Number: 14
- Atomic Weight: 28.085
- State: Solid
- Properties: Hard, brittle, semi-conductor
15. **Phosphorus (P)**
- Atomic Number: 15
- Atomic Weight: 30.974
- State: Solid
- Properties: Exists in several forms, highly reactive (white phosphorus)
16. **Sulfur (S)**
- Atomic Number: 16
- Atomic Weight: 32.06
- State: Solid
- Properties: Yellow crystals, brittle, non-metal
17. **Chlorine (Cl)**
- Atomic Number: 17
- Atomic Weight: 35.45
- State: Gas
- Properties: Greenish-yellow, toxic, highly reactive
18. **Argon (Ar)**
- Atomic Number: 18
- Atomic Weight: 39.948
- State: Gas
- Properties: Colorless, odorless, inert
19. **Potassium (K)**
- Atomic Number: 19
- Atomic Weight: 39.098
- State: Solid
- Properties: Soft, silvery-white, highly reactive
20. **Calcium (Ca)**
- Atomic Number: 20
- Atomic Weight: 40.078
- State: Solid
- Properties: Soft, gray, reactive, metal
These elements vary widely in their properties, from gases to solids, from metals to non-metals, and in their reactivity and uses.
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