Biology for Class 10th

Biology

Biology is the branch of Science in which we study about life and living organism, including their structure, function, growth, and evolution.

Bio - Life

Logy - Study

Term biology given by - Jean Baptiste de Lamarck and Treviranus in 1802

Father of Biology - Aristotle

his book for animals - "Historia Animalium"

his book for plants - "Historia Plantarium"

Biology further divide into two parts

Plants and Animals (Humans)

Zoology - Study of Animals

Father of Zoology - Aristotle

Botany - Study of Plants

Father of Theophratus

The Smallest unit of living organism is - Cell

Cell - 1. Eukaryotic Cell        2. Procaryotic cell

But in all stages cell is not the smallest unit, actually the most smallest part is Atom

Atom < Molecules < Organelles < Cells < Tissue < Organs < Organ Systems < Organisms < Population < Community < Ecosystem < Biosphere

Medical Terms (Medical Abbreviation)

How many muscles in Human body - 600-850 types of Muscle

First Bacteria found by - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Father of Ecology - Eugene Odum

Evolution

Father of Evolution - Charles Darvin

Human Scientific Name - Homo Sapiens

Some more scientific names:-

1. Potato - Solanum Tuberosum

2. Pea - Pisum Sativum

3. Tomato - Solanum Lycopersicum

4. Brinjal (Egg Plant) - Melongena

5. Tiger - Panthera Tigris

6. Frog - Rana tigrina

7. Rose (Flower) - Rosa Indica

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Who discover Cell - Robert Hook in 1665

Cell meaning - a small room

Father of Cell Biology - Robert Hook

first photo of cell

Antonie van leuwenhek - 1st to discover FREE LIVING CELLS in pond water.

He is also called as FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY and 1st MICROBIOLOGIST

Cytology - Study of Cell

Histology - Study of Tissue

Types of organism

1. Unicellular - which is made up of only single cell

2. Multicellular - which is made up of many cells

Types of cells

1. Prokaryotic Cell

2. Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic Cell

1. Lack of membrane bound nucleus.

2. Circular DNA, No proteins, No histones(Histones are proteins that help organize DNA into chromosomes and regulate gene expression)

3. Few internal structures has a cell membrane

Eukaryotic Cell

1. Membrane bound nucleus

2. Contain cell organelles

3. Linear DNA, histones present

Eukaryotic cells are two types

a. Plant Cell

b. Animal Cell

Plant Cell

1. Cell Wall (Outermost layer of plant)

Present in

Plants - made up of cellulose

Algae - made up of cellulose

Fungi - made up of chitin (carbohydrates)

Bacteria - made up of peptidoglycan + Murine

2. Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane

3. Nucleus

Made up of nucleoplasm

Discovered by - Robert Brown 1833

4. Mitochondria (Old name - Bioplast)

Mitochondria is the power house of cell

Richard Altmann recognized as cell organelle in 1894.

Mitochondria named by - 1898

Cristae - Present in mitochondria

Mitochondria has its own DNA

Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration

5. Endoplasmic Reticulam

a. RER - Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

b. SER - Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - it makes proteins

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - it makes Lipids(fats)

6. Golgi Body

its used for packaging & transportation of food or energy

7. Lysosomes (Atom bomb/ Suicidal bag)

It process intercellular digestion

make enzymes - hydrolytic

8. Ribosome (Protein factory)

9. Vacuoles

It contains or stored water, sap, minerals

its found in plant cell as well as animal cell

10. Plastids (Kitchen of cell)

Only in plants 

Double membrane items and have its own DNA - Mitochondria, Nucleus, Plastids

Trick:- Mujhe Nahi Pata 

Continue............ 1:55:57

Animal Cell

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