Ancient History

Each Term = 20 Points

Term 1 - INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

  • The Harappan Civilization was discovered in the year? :- 1921
  • Which city was excavated(खुदाई) in 1922 in Larkana district on the banks of Indus? :- Mohenjodaro
  • Harappa is situated on the bank of river :- Ravi
  • The Harappan site "Ropar" was situated on the bank of :- Sutlej
  • Harappan site "Manda" on the bank of :- Chenab
  • What was not a common feature of major cities of Indus Valley Civilization :- Fortified Citadel (kila)
  • Which domesticated animal was absent in the terracotas of the Indus civilization :- Cow
  • The people of the Indus Valley Civilization worshipped :- Pashupati / Mother Goddess
  • Which has not been found in the excavation of Harappan sites ? :- Temple with Shikhar
  • At which location, a sculptor of chariot of Harappan time was found ? :- Daimabad
  • Who was the first scholars to discover the traces of the Harappan Civilization :- A. Cunningham
  • The Harrapan site "Amri" is located at :- Sindh, Pakistan
  • "Mohenjodaro" in Sindhi means :- The mound of the dead
  • Which site of Indus Valley Civilization was knowns as the Oasis of Sindh ? :- Mohenjodaro
  • In Mohenjodaro, the largest building is :- A Granary
  • Harappan site evidence has been found for the plowing area? :- Kalibangan
  • Kalibangan in :- Rajasthan
  • Kalibangan famous for :- Pottery
  • Which Harappan site used mud-bricks in ample for the construction of houses? :- kalibangan
  • A couple burial was found from which Harappan site? :- Lothal
Term 2
  • Which Harappan site is thought to have direct sea trade links with Mesopotamia - Lothal

  • The city of Lothal stood beside a tributary of which river - Sabarmati
  • Which was the only Indus city without a citadel - Chanhudaro
  • In Indus valley civilization, Dholavira is famous for - Water Conservation
  • Which one of the site of Indus Valley Civilization was situated on the bank of Luni River - Dholavira
  • Dholavira located in - Gujarat
  • Which site provides the evidence of a large open area with terraced stands, identified as stadium - Dholavira (Gujrata)
  • In which state is the archaeological site of Surkotada situated - Gujarat
  • Which archaeological sites has evidence of pit dwelling - Burzahom
  • At which site archaeologists burial of five wild dogs and antler's horn (barah singha) - Burzahom
  • Shatughai (Indus Valley Civilization site) is in which country - Afghanistan
  • The language from which the term 'India' is derived is - Persian
  • In which state is the Harappan culture site 'Sanauli' located - Uttar Pradesh
  • Rakhigarhi is an archaeological site located in - Haryana
Term 3 - VEDIC PERIOD
  • The Earliest Settlements of Aryan tribes were at :- Sapta Sindhu
  • The Vedic Civilisation in India flourished along the river :- Saraswati
  • At one stage in the Vedic Age, the king was called 'gopati' which meant :- Lord of cattle
  • What is the Rigvedic name of the river Ravi? :- Parushni
  • The ancient name of the river Tungabhadra was :- Pampa
  • The staple food of the Vedic Aryans was :- Milk and its products
  • As per ancient Indian philosophy, the Purusharthas or the four aims of life are :- Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha
Dharma is the principle of right conduct, moral values, and duties in life.

Artha refers to the pursuit of material success, economic stability, and resources necessary for a dignified life.

Kama is the enjoyment of pleasures, love, emotions, and artistic expression—in a healthy, balanced way.

Moksha is the ultimate goal—freedom from the cycle of birth and death (samsara), and union with the divine.

  • What is the correct group of important Gods of the Vedic period? :- Agni, Indra, Soma
Agni is the god of fire and the messenger between humans and gods, carrying offerings to the deities in rituals (yajnas).

Indra is God of thunder, rain, and war. He is celebrated for slaying the demon Vritra and releasing life-giving waters.

Soma is the god of the sacred drink consumed in Vedic rituals, believed to give immortality, strength, and divine insight.

  • The Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas and Dharmasutras are all written in which language? :- Sanskrit
  • Which language has been used by Surdas in his writings? :- Braj
  • Which Craftsmanship was practised by the Aryans? :- Pottery, Jewellery, Carpentry
  • Which Craftsmanship was not practised by the Aryans? :- Blacksmith
  • The Sage who is said to have Aryanised South India, was :- Agastya
जिस ऋषि ने दक्षिण भारत को आर्य संस्कृति से जोड़ा, वह थे: अगस्त्य ऋषि

"ऋषि अगस्त्य को वह महान ऋषि माना जाता है जिन्होंने दक्षिण भारत में आर्य संस्कृति (Aryan Culture) को फैलाया।"

प्राचीन भारत में आर्य लोग उत्तर भारत में बसते थे और उनकी अपनी भाषा (संस्कृत), धर्म (वैदिक परंपरा), और सामाजिक व्यवस्था थी।

ऋषि अगस्त्य:
एक महान वैदिक ऋषि थे। ऐसा माना जाता है कि उन्होंने उत्तर भारत की आर्य सभ्यता को दक्षिण भारत तक पहुँचाया, वहाँ के लोगों को वैदिक ज्ञान, संस्कृत भाषा और रीति-रिवाजों से परिचित कराया।

ऋषि अगस्त्य को "दक्षिण भारत में आर्य संस्कृति के प्रचारक" के रूप में जाना जाता है।
उन्होंने उत्तर और दक्षिण भारत के बीच सांस्कृतिक सेतु (bridge) का कार्य किया।

  • The collections of Vedic hymns or mantras are known as - Samhita
  • In how many Varnas people were divided in Ancient India? :-4
  • Which metal was first used by the Vedic people? :- Copper
  • Which of these crops was known by the people of the Vedic period? :- Barley, Wheat, Rice
  • Which of these crops was NOT known by the people of the Vedic period? :- Tobaco
  • The tax which the kings used to collect from the people in the Vedic period was called :- Bali
  • The word 'Veda' means :- Knowledge
Term 4
  • Which Veda contains sacrificial formulae? :- Yajurveda
  • The origin of Indian music can be traced to which Vedic Samhitas? :- Samaveda
  • Which is the oldest Veda among the four Vedas? :- Rigveda
  • Which Veda provides information about the civilisation of the Early Vedic Age? :- Rigveda
  • Which Veda is referred to as the starting source of the word Rudra? :- Rigveda
  • Who is the most prominent god of 'Rig Veda? :- Indra
  • Which of the Rig Veda's Mandala is completely dedicated to Soma? :- Ninth Mandala
  • Subject matter which Manu Smriti deals with is related to :- Law
  • The Upanishads are the :- Source of Hindu Philosophy
  • The term 'Upanishad' literally implies :- Sitting near devotedly
  • The word 'Satyameva Jayate' have been derived from which Upan-ishad? :- Mundaka Upanishad
  • The most important text of vedic mathematics is :- Sulva Sutras
  • Which is also called 'Vedanta'. :- Upanishads
  • How many Vedangas are there in total? :- Six
वेदांग (Vedanga) का अर्थ है "वेदों के अंग" या "वेदों के सहायक अंग"। ये छह विषय हैं जो वेदों के अध्ययन और समझ को सुगम बनाते हैं।

1. शिक्षा: उच्चारण और स्वर विज्ञान।
2. कल्प: कर्मकांड और यज्ञ विधियों का ज्ञान।
3. व्‍याकरण: भाषा और व्याकरण के नियम।
4. निरुक्त: शब्दों की व्युत्पत्ति और अर्थ।
5. छंद: काव्य और छंदों का विज्ञान।
6. ज्‍योतिष: खगोल विज्ञान और ज्योतिष।

  • With reference to the Vedangas, denotes 'Ritual'. :- Kalpa
  • Which Vedic texts is mentioned the eastern and western seas for the first time? :- Satpath Brahmana
  • Which Veda is not a part of Vedatrayi? :- Atharva Veda

वेदत्रयी (Vedatrayi) का अर्थ है "तीन वेद"। यह हिंदू धर्म के तीन प्रमुख वेदों को संदर्भित करता है:
1. ऋग्वेद: भजनों और स्तुतियों का संग्रह।
2. यजुर्वेद: यज्ञ और कर्मकांड से संबंधित मंत्र।
3. सामवेद: संगीतमय मंत्र, जो मुख्य रूप से ऋग्वेद से लिए गए हैं।

इन तीनों को वेदत्रयी कहा जाता है, क्योंकि ये प्राचीन वैदिक साहित्य के मूल आधार हैं। अथर्ववेद को बाद में चौथे वेद के रूप में जोड़ा गया, लेकिन वेदत्रयी में केवल उपरोक्त तीन वेद शामिल हैं।

  • The well-known dialogue between Nachiketa and Yama is mentioned in which Upanishada? :- Kathopanishad
कठोपनिषद् (Kathopanishad) एक प्रमुख उपनिषद् है, जो हिंदू दर्शन में गहरा आध्यात्मिक और दार्शनिक महत्व रखता है। यह कृष्ण यजुर्वेद की शाखा से संबंधित है और इसमें नचिकेतस (Nachiketa) और यम (मृत्यु के देवता) के बीच प्रसिद्ध संवाद का वर्णन है। 

इस संवाद में नचिकेतस, एक युवा साधक, यम से जीवन, मृत्यु, और आत्मा की अमरता के गहन प्रश्न पूछता है। यम उसे आत्मज्ञान, मोक्ष, और जीवन के अंतिम सत्य के बारे में गूढ़ शिक्षाएँ देते हैं। कठोपनिषद् में विशेष रूप से आत्मा, ब्रह्म, और मोक्ष की अवधारणाओं पर गहन चर्चा की गई है। इसका सबसे प्रसिद्ध श्लोक है:

> उत्तिष्ठत जाग्रत प्राप्य वरान्निबोधत
> (उठो, जागो, और श्रेष्ठ गुरुओं से ज्ञान प्राप्त करो।)

यह उपनिषद् आध्यात्मिक जिज्ञासुओं के लिए आत्म-खोज और दार्शनिक चिंतन का महत्वपूर्ण स्रोत है।

  • With reference to the Hindu Mythology, which of the following is NOT a part of ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu? 1) Garuda, 2) Kurma, 3) Varaha, 4) Matsya :- Garuda
  • Who among the following was associated with Vaisheshika School of Philosophy? 1. Kanada 2. Patanjali 3. Gautama 4. Jaimini :- Kanada
वैशेषिक दर्शन (Vaisheshika School of Philosophy) हिंदू दर्शन की छह प्रमुख प्रणालियों (षड्दर्शन) में से एक है। यह दर्शन प्रकृति, पदार्थ, और विश्व की संरचना का विश्लेषण करता है। इसका प्रतिपादन **महर्षि कणाद** (Kanada) ने किया था, इसलिए प्रश्न का सही उत्तर **कणाद** है।

### वैशेषिक दर्शन की मुख्य विशेषताएँ:
1. **पदार्थ का वर्गीकरण**: यह विश्व को छह पदाथों (द्रव्य, गुण, कर्म, सामान्य, विशेष, समवाय) में विभाजित करता है।
2. **परमाणुवाद**: कणाद ने प्रस्तावित किया कि सभी भौतिक पदार्थ अविभाज्य कणों (परमाणु) से बने हैं, जो आधुनिक परमाणु सिद्धांत का प्राचीन रूप माना जाता है।
3. **ईश्वर का स्थान**: यह दर्शन ईश्वर को विश्व का नियामक मानता है, जो सृष्टि के निर्माण में कारण है।
4. **मोक्ष**: आत्मा का पदार्थ से अलगाव और आत्मज्ञान द्वारा मोक्ष प्राप्ति पर जोर देता है।

### अन्य विकल्पों का संक्षिप्त विवरण:
- **पतंजलि**: योग दर्शन के प्रवर्तक, जिन्होंने योगसूत्र लिखे।
- **गौतम**: न्याय दर्शन के संस्थापक, जिन्होंने न्यायसूत्र रचे।
- **जैमिनि**: मीमांसा दर्शन के प्रवर्तक, जो वेदों के कर्मकांड पर केंद्रित है।

वैशेषिक दर्शन का महत्व भारतीय दर्शन में भौतिक और आध्यात्मिक जगत के बीच संतुलन स्थापित करने में है। यह बाद में न्याय दर्शन के साथ मिलकर **न्याय-वैशेषिक** के रूप में विकसित हुआ।


  • Tolkappiyar is a famous ancient grammarian of the which language. :- Tamil
  • The Samkhaya School of Philosophy was founded by :- Kapila
  • The Kama Sutra was originally compiled in the 3rd century by the Indian sage who lived in northern India :- Vatsyayana
  • Name the temple in Indonesia where scenes from Ramayana and Mahabharatha are depicted. :- Borobudur
  • Which animal was associated with the 'Ashvamedha' ritual in Vedic India? :- Horse

Term 5 - BUDDHISM & JAINISM
  • Who is the founder of Jainism in India? :- Mahavira
  • Who is considered the real founder of Jainism? :- Rishabhdev
  • Who was the mother of Mahavira? :- Trishala
  • Where was Mahavira born? :- Kundagrama (near Vaishali)
  • Mahavira was born in a Kshatriya clan by the name of :- Janatrika
  • What was Lord Mahavira's name prior to acquiring the Knowledge? :- Vardhman
  • Vardhman Mahavir is also known as :- Jena (the conqueror)
  • Mahavira's first disciple was :- Jamali
  • Lord Mahavira died at :- Pavapuri
  • Who was the first Tirthankara of Jainism? :- Rishabhdev
  • Name the holy city recognized as the birthplace of the first and fourth Jain Tirthankaras. :- Ayodya
  • What are the "Tri Ratna" of Jainism? :- "Right faith", "Right knowledge", "Right conduct"
  • With which religion is Kaivalya associated? :- Jainism
  • The Classic "Jivaka Chintamani" in Tamil is associated with :- Jainism
  • A collective term used by the Jains for their literature (sacred books) is :- Angas
  • Svetambara and Digambara are two sects of the community :- Jain
  • The Dilwara temple in Mount Abu in Rajasthan is dedicated to whom? :- Jain Tirthankaras
  • The word Tirthankara is related to which religion? :- Jainism
  • Syadvada was the fundamental basis of which religion? :- Jainism
Syadvada (स्यादवाद) जैन दर्शन का एक महत्वपूर्ण सिद्धांत है। यह सप्तभंगी नय या सातभंगी न्याय के रूप में भी जाना जाता है। इसका उद्देश्य किसी भी वस्तु या विचार को अलग-अलग दृष्टिकोणों से समझना है।

परिभाषा: स्यात् का अर्थ है "हो सकता है" या "शायद"।
स्यादवाद का अर्थ है — "किसी भी कथन या वस्तु की पूर्णता से पहले, यह कहना ज़रूरी है कि वह स्याद् (शायद) ऐसा है।"














Point 19 Page no 15









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